1.用谚语仿写一句话

2.快高考了,可我的英语写作很差

3.用常见的人物表情仿写《看云识天气》

4.衣食住行 有龙则灵 建行龙卡广告 用英语怎么翻译

5.“腊七腊八,冻死寒鸦” ,这是一年里最冷的时候。(仿写一句话,用上一句农谚)

用谚语仿写一句话

天气谚语的英文_英语仿写天气谚语

1、昨日偷桃,钻狗洞不知是谁;他年攀桂,登月宫必定有我。

2、生意好的时候,这里门庭若市;生意差的时候,这里门可罗雀。

3、最是一年春好处,绝胜烟柳满皇都。

4、青、红的瓜,碧绿的藤和叶,构成了一道别有风趣的装饰,比那高楼门前蹲着一对石狮子或是竖着两根大旗杆,可爱多了。

5、朱门酒肉臭,路有冻死骨。

6、宽恕别人是一件快乐的事;不愿谅别人是十分痛苦的事。

7、南阳诸葛庐,西蜀子云亭。

8、月亮的光芒是柔和的,她不似太阳那般耀眼夺目,热情四射,但她的宁静之美却深深地吸依着我。她总是在寂静的夜晚默默地为大地添上一抹光亮,让在外的人们能够看清回家的路,她也总会给人们的心头添上一抹温馨之感。

9、君子之交淡如水,小人之交甘若醴。

10、一本好书胜过珍宝,一本坏书比一个强盗更坏。’因此,开卷是否有益,得先看开什么卷。药吃了对身体有益,但也有副做用。读书是有益的,但也有糟粕。有位哲人曾说过,能够摄取必要营养的人,比吃得很多的人更健康。同时,真正的学者往往不是见书就读的人,而是会读书的人。

快高考了,可我的英语写作很差

别急 会把英语写作能力提高的

谈谈如何提高英语写作能力

关键词:英语写作能力 原则 方法

引言:英语写作能力是英语听、说、读、写四种基本能力之一,英语写作能有效地促进语言知识的内化。Swain(1985)提出“可理解输出”设,认为包括写在内的语言产生性运用有助于学习者检验目的语句法结构和词语的使用,促进语言运用的自动化,有效地达到了语言习得的目的。通过写作,英语知识不断得到巩固并内在化,有利于英语技能的全面发展。但是,英语写作又是广大英语学习者最感头痛的问题之一,且容易被教师忽视,笔者以为如何提高英语写作能力值得我们认真研究。本文就此谈谈初浅的看法。

一、提高英语写作能力的原则

(一)渐进性原则。要坚持“句—段—篇”的训练程序,由易到难,循序渐进。在英语写作的初始阶段,要始终注意培养学生良好的写作习惯,狠抓基本功训练。在学生掌握了基本句型并能写出简单句子后,再要求学生根据一些体例写出小段的文章。在段落写作中要引导学生分析段落的结构、段落的中心句、句与句之间的逻辑关系、写作手法等,这样有利于下一步一篇文章的写作。在文章写作中要教会学生如何构思文章、如何运用正确的写作技巧等。

(二)多样性原则。要坚持训练形式的多样化及写作文体的多样性。从形式上而言,可以用回答提问的口头作文,也可以用续写故事;可以改写课文,也可以仿写课文;可以写提纲训练谋篇布局,也可以写拓展段训练发散思维……。从文体上而言,可以写说明文、议论文、记叙文,也可以写书信、便条、通知等实用文体。

(三)结合性原则。要坚持听说读训练和写训练相结合。根据语言习得理论,学习者在学习时常先通过听和读吸取语言知识,从而了解别人的思想,再通过说和写来表达自己的思想,让别人了解自己。大量的听说训练能促进读写能力的提高。因此,写与听说读紧密结合,进行多元化的能力训练,可使学生的各项能力互相影响、互相渗透、互相促进。

(四)控制性原则。要坚持写作前的指导,控制学生的汉语语言思维,发展英语语言思维。语言学习在很大程度上主要是模仿,而非随心所欲地自由表达。教师要加强写作前的指导,可给出范文让学生模仿,以熟悉其语篇结构。同时要控制其汉语语言思维,尽可能让学生习惯英语语言思维,以便于学生学习和掌握地道、正确的英语。

(五)持久性原则。要坚持长期、正确的写作训练。英语写作能力的提高并非一朝一夕之事,而是一个长期的、艰巨的、渐进的过程。这就要求教师、学生都要有充分的思想准备,要有坚韧不拔的意志和必胜的信心。

二、提高英语写作能力的方法。

(一)通过积累词汇量,提高英语写作能力。犹如土木砖石是建筑的材料一样,词汇是说话写作的必需材料,也是制约写作能力提高的瓶颈。可以想象,如果要写一个句子,10个单词有8个单词拼写错误或拼写不出,有2

个单词用法不当,又怎么能清楚地表达自己的思想呢?因此,在平时的教学中要强调学生记忆单词,记住单词的拼读、用法、意思等。记忆单词的方法有很多,各人有各人的记忆方法和习惯,可因人而异。教师可通过要求学生朗读单词、听写单词、默写单词、遣词造句、词汇竞赛等多种方法促进学生记单词。记忆单词是一个长期的反复的过程,要长期地坚持下去,才能不断积累大量的词汇,为英语写作打下坚实的基础。

(二)通过扩大阅读量,提高英语写作能力。古人云“熟读唐诗三百首,不会作诗也会吟”,这是汉语的一种学习方法,同样可借鉴于英语写作。多阅读是学生增加接触英语语言材料、接受信息、活跃思维、增长智力的一种途径,同时也是培养学生英语思维能力、提高理解力、增强语感、巩固和扩大词汇量的一种好方法,有利于促进英语写作能力的提高。在阅读训练中,教师要注意以下问题:一是指导阅读方法,分析文章结构、中心思想、段落中心句、写作方法等,帮助学生掌握各类文章的结构及写作方法。二要精读与泛读相结合,通过推敲优秀的文章来学会写作方法和选词用词;通过大量的泛读来吸取信息量,扩大词汇量。三要扩大阅读量。提供阅读的材料涉及面要广,才能不断扩大学生的知识面,使学生适应各种题材的写作。

(三)通过提高听说能力,提高英语写作能力。英语听说读写四种能力是相互影响、相互促进的,提高听说能力必定会促进写作能力的提高。要提高听说能力关键在于创设一个良好的英语环境。教师要尽可能地用英语授课,多开展专门的听说训练,同时开展丰富多彩的课外英语活动,让学生沉浸在英语海洋中去领略、去体会、去使用英语,久而久之,学生自然能使用正确的、地道的英语进行交谈与写作。

(四)通过重视写作过程,提高英语写作能力。长期以来,英语写作成果教学法(THE PRODUCT

APPROACH)在我国居于主导地位,教师根据写作的终成品来判断写作的成败,重视写作的技术性细节(如格式、拼写、语法等),忽视写作过程的指导。根据D.Rumechart和J.McClelland提出的连通论(Connectionism)理论,写作包括写前阶段、具体写作、文章修改三个基本过程,这三个过程并非是线性排列,而是循环往复,穿插进行的。教师只有重视加强对写作三个过程的指导,才能更好地提高英语写作能力。在写作前阶段,教师重在指导学生如何挖掘题材,训练发散性思维,以及如何选择材料、谋篇布局等。在具体写作中,教师重在指导学生如何紧扣主题、运用正确的写作方法等。在文章修改中,教师重在指导学生如何修改语法及用词的错误。

(五)通过多写英语摘要,提高英语写作能力。英语摘要是把一篇文章的要点摘录出来,用自己的语言使之独立成一篇短文,这不是简单的摘录,而是忠于原文意思的再创作。写英语摘要有利于学生了解原文的文化背景、理解原文的中心意思、弄清原文的篇章结构,从而提高学生的逻辑思维能力和谋篇布局能力。

(六)通过发展英语语言思维能力,提高英语写作能力。英语写作是运用已掌握的内在化语言知识和表达方法,通过思维进行外在化输出的创作,因此英语语言思维能力在英语写作中作用非凡。对于我国学生而言,在英语写作中易受汉语语言思维的影响,难以直接用英语语言进行思维,不利于英语写作能力的提高,因此发展其英语语言思维能力尤为重要。教师要注意对学生的英语语言思维进行多方位、多角度的训练:要取各种方法训练学生英语语言思维的广阔性、深刻性、发散性和创造性;要教会学生用英语思考问题、回答问题;要从训练形象思维开始,逐步过渡到抽象思维训练;在课文讲解中要尽可能不用汉语翻译而用英语解释,消除汉语思维的影响;要努力创设良好的英语环境,在英语交际中发展英语思维能力。

写好英语段落的三个标准

首先,一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想,该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须紧扣这个主题(stick or hold to the topic),这就是段落的统一性(unity)。其次,一个段落必须有若干推展句,使主题思想得到充分展开,从而给读者一个完整的感觉,这就是完整性(completeness or adequateness)。再者,一个段落不是杂乱无章的,而是有机的组合,句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑,从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅(smooth),这就是连贯性(coherence)。下面我们就对这三个标准分别加以说明。

1、统一性

一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心,任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。请看下例:

Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.

本段的主题句是段首句,controlling idea(中心思想)是take the long trip across the country.文中出现两个irrelevant sentences,一个是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie,这一段是讲的是Joe and I ,中间出现一个Bella是不合适的。还有,Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner这一句更是与主题句不相关。考生在四级统考的作文卷上常常因为造出irrelevant sentences(不相关语句)而丢分,值得引起注意。再看一个例子:

My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to he that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fif laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.

本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit,但段中有两个irrelevant sentences,一个是I bought two new suitcases last week,另一个是My mother was a premature baby.

从上面两个例子可以看出,native speakers同样会造出来irrelevant sentences.卷面上如果这种句子多了,造成偏题或离题,那问题就更严重了。

2、完整性

正象我们前面说得那样,一个段落的主题思想靠推展句来实现,如果只有主题句而没有推展句来进一步交待和充实,就不能构成一个完整的段落。同样,虽然有推展句,但主题思想没有得到相对圆满的交待,给读者一种意犹未尽的感觉。这样的段落也不能完成其交际功能。例如:

Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work —— you produce something rather than more anxiety or depression.

本段的主题句是段首句。本段的两个推展句均不能回答主题句中提出的问题。什么是“a mind in turmoil”(心境不平静)Physical work又如何能改变这种情况?为什么它能起therapy的作用?读者得不到明确的答案。由于四级统考的作文部分只要求写一篇100~120个词的三段式短文,每一段只有大约40个词左右,因此,要达到完整就必须尽可能地简明。例如:

It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.

段首句所表达的主题思想是一种看法,必须有具体事例加以验证。上述两个推展句只是在文字上对主题作些解释,整个段落内容空洞,简而不明。如果用一两个具体的例子的话,就可以把主题解释清楚了。比如下段:

It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming “Help”?

3、连贯性(coherence)

连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面,前者指的是内在的逻辑性,后者指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连,句子之间就没有内在的有机的联系;反之,只有意连而没有形连,有时行文就不够流畅。

1)、意连

段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序,不能想到什么就写什么。如果在下笔之前没有构思,边写边想,写写停停,那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。

A.按时间先后排列(chronological arrangement)

We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must he been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.

本段从“rose”(起床)写起,然后是吃早餐(“not to miss breakfast”, “closing at nine o'clock”),然后是“close to noon”,一直写到这一天结束(“By nine——”)。

B. 按位置远近排列(spatial arrangement)。例如:

From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.

本段的写法是由远及近,从远处(“from a distance”)写起,然后“get closer”,再到(“ten feet away”),最后是“inside the pagoda”……当然,按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要,也可以由近及远,由表及里等等。

C. 按逻辑关系排列(logical arrangement)

a. 按重要性顺序排列(arrangement in order of importance)

If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the , the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.

这一段谈的是表达能力,它的重要性与职业,身份有关,从“not need much skill”或“of little importance”到“more important”,最后是“most important”。

b.由一般到特殊排列(general-to-specific arrangement)

If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that “sanguine” and “sanguinary” mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.

这一段谈的是a writer's carelessness,先给出一个general statement作为主题句,然后通过5个 ”perhaps”加以例证。

c. 由特殊到一般排列(specific-to-general arrangement)

I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.

本段的主题句是段首句,它仅提出一个问题:为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较,末句才下结论。

2)、形连

行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语:

Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, during his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graduate on schedule. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.

本文中起承上启下的词语有两种,一种是转换词语(transitional words or phrases),另一种是起转换作用的其他连接手段(linking devices)。前者依次有:first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.后者依次是:he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段有词汇105个,所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词,约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见,掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流(smoothness)有益,而且对于学生在半个小时内写足四级短文所要求的120个词也是不无好处的。

一个段落里如果没有transitions也就很难有coherence了。我们看下面一个例子:Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.

本段中除了第6句开头出现一个起过渡作用的”it”之外,没有使用其他的过渡词语。这样,文中出现许多重复的词语,全段读起来也显得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的过渡词语来修饰的话,这一段就成了下面一个流畅连贯的段落:

Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.

4、有损连贯性的几种情况:

考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误:

1、不必要的改变时态,比如:

In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.

2、不必要的改变单复数,比如:

Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be hy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.

3、不必要的改变人称,比如:

Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents he a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.

因此写作中,一定要注意时态,人称以及数的变化是否正确,要注意保持一致。

用常见的人物表情仿写《看云识天气》

大家肯定都想预测天气吧.除了看天气预报还有什么办法呢?这不,我就有一招.

有一次,我正在看杂志,看到书上写着一句民间谚语:云往东,车马通;云往南,水涨潭;云往西,披棉衣;云往北,好晒麦.便去“问”知识渊博的电脑.电脑是这样“说”的:“云向东、向北移动预示着天气晴好;云向南、向北移动预示着最近会有阴雨天气.”

可我怎么也不能信会有这么神,光靠人的肉眼怎能预测天气呢?于是我准备试验一下.

但是那几天几乎天天都是都是“千里无云”,一直都使我的试验无法进行.终于,有一天,天上有了一点云,可它不会“动”,只在原地“待”着.又过了几天,我想要的风终于来了,云也来了.哈哈,可以开始我的试验了.

我先仔细观察云的“去向”.云是向南移的,我想了想那句谚语的“云往南,水涨潭”,照这样说的话明天或后天就会有雨了.明天有雨,明天还有节体育课呀.真希望明天不下雨,后天再下也不迟啊,我心想.

第二天早上起床,我第一件事就是看看窗外下雨没有.真是事如人愿,天空中没有一点雨的影子,我心里不禁有一点高兴还夹杂着一丝失望……

第三天早上刚睁开眼,就听见瓢泼大雨哗哗啦啦的声音,我非常兴奋,原来来自于老百姓的谚语都是人们智慧的结晶,并不是没有科学依据的,而都是老百姓通过细心观察得出来的,在大自然的千变万化中能解释通的……

这就是我的小窍门,你的呢?

衣食住行 有龙则灵 建行龙卡广告 用英语怎么翻译

Your everyday life is very busy,Our Long Card can make it easy.

摘要:文章从“I chocolate you”这一广告语的翻译现象出发,阐述了广告语的语用功能,并总结了广告语的翻译策略。

关键词:广告 语用功能 翻译策略

广告语言与日常生活用语很不一样,是一种集文学、美学、心理学、市场营销学及修辞学等为一体,有着强烈说服力的、鼓动性的综合性艺术语言。

“I chocolate you”

相信大家对“爱巧克力呦”这句广告词不陌生吧!它是英文“I chocolate you”翻译过来的。这种很特别的翻译,众人褒贬不一。

有人认为,巧克力是女孩送给男孩的情人节礼物,传达的是浓浓爱意,因此用chocolate来代指LG手机,表示手机可以像chocolate一样来传达使用者的情感言语。因此,I chocolate you!指的是I love you! 要想发挥充分发挥这一广告语的渲染功能,有人提议译为“爱你爱不完”或“爱你永不变”。

也有人认为,“爱巧克力呦”这种翻译方法非常巧妙。这种译文倾向于体现原文语言结构的目的论操作,在理解原文内容和功能目的的基础之上,发挥译语优势,仿写原文以尽量接近原文本的目的功能。而“爱你爱不完”或“爱你永不变”则是目的语倾向的,虽然表达出了意思,但是没有体现出“巧克力”这一关键词汇,造成了信息的损失。虽然意思是表达清楚了,但是过于直白,不够精妙。

由此可见,广告语的翻译其实是个很复杂的过程。广告语言与日常生活用语很不一样,是一种集文学、美学、心理学、市场营销学及修辞学等为一体,有着强烈说服力的、鼓动性的综合性艺术语言。

广告的语用功能

美国广告学家克劳德?霍普金斯(Claude Hopkins)将广告定义为:“广告是将各种高度精练的信息,用艺术手法,通过各种媒介传播给大众,以加强或改变人们的观念,最终引导人们的行动的事物和活动。西方现代广告学认为,广告的功能在于:提供信息(Information)、劝诱顾客(Persuasion)、保持需求(Maintenance)、扩大市场(Creating Mass Market)和确保质量(Quality)。其中,劝诱功能(Persuasive Function)和信息功能(Informative Function)是可以被看作广告最主要的功能,而信息功能又从属于劝诱功能。在广告语的翻译中,译者应当灵活变通,使译文充分体现出原广告语的功能。接下来笔者将总结广告的翻译策略。

广告的翻译策略

通常情况下,广告语的翻译会用的方法依然是直译和意译两大类。所谓直译,就是在转达原文意思的时候,使译文达到“神”、“形”兼备。一般运用的场合是原文和目的语言之间具有文化共性,并能让人产生相同的联想。需要强调的是:直译并非词对词的翻译。直译不仅忠实于内容,而且与形式的风格也是一致的。直译在有效表达原文意义的同时,必须反映原文的风格。

意译是指通过对原文深层意思的理解和消化,将原文的结构打破重组,转化为译文自然流畅的结构。由于语言是文化的组成部分,受文化的影响和制约。在不同的文化里,相同的词语有不同的含义,不同的词语有相同的含义。因此,在翻译的过程中,译者对某段文字理解的正确与否,在很大程度上取决于他对文化的理解。广告翻译中,有不少实例涉及各自的语言特点和语言习惯或文化习俗,它们的语言形式和文化背景不为译文读者所熟悉,因此这时用意译可以使用更为符合当地消费者的形象、生动、委婉的语言来吸引读者。

然而在实际操作中,我们不可能死守这两大理论。很多时候都需要我们根据不同的情况巧妙地运用不同的技巧,灵活的变通。一般来说,可以使用的翻译技巧有三种:

第一,套用。套用译入语中家喻户晓的习惯表达方式,例如:成语、谚语、诗句、名言等。如南方科技咨询服务公司的广告:“有了南方,就有了办法”,翻译为“Where there is South, there is a way”,套用了英语谚语“Where there is a will, there is a way”,恰到好处,韵味无穷。

第二,修辞。运用隐喻、拟人、婉转、反复、头韵、尾韵、双关、借代等修辞方法使译文生动活泼,更加形象化。下面举几个值得揣摩的例子:某香水广告“Her smile could heat up a nation,Her fragrance captured a country.”译文为“牵魄笑貌,倾国倾城芳香。”敦豪快递的广告“DHL worldwide express:the Pulse of Business.”翻译为“商业命脉,随我而动。”Sony音响的广告“Hi-fi,Hi-fun,Hi-fashion,only for Sony.”翻译为“索尼音响——高保真、高享受、高时尚。”建行龙卡的广告“衣食住行,有龙则灵”译文为“Your everyday life is very busy,Our Long Card can make it easy.”

第三,文化转化。在处理广告翻译有的人、物、名的时候,需要处理好两种语言的文化差异。如曹州圣酒的广告:“曹州城内有一隅首,名曰‘尤之女’。据尤之女酿酒得一手好酒,偶被孔子一饮,赞曰‘圣贤至美!’,故得‘圣酒’”。原译文为“There is an intersection named 'Girl Youzhi 'in Caozhou City.The story goes that Girl Youzhi made a good kind of liquor which Confucius drank by accident. He praised this liquor to be a delicious one. So it got its name as liquor ‘Shengjiu’.”在这段翻译中,由于Confucius并不是外国人耳熟能详的人物,因此应增加解释性翻译:the great ancient Chinese educator。“圣贤至美”译成“a delicious one”也没有把其文化内涵表达出来。“圣贤至美”指的是“酒之上品”,可译为“excellent”。而至于“圣酒”有着特殊的含义,其音译“Shengjiu”完全无法表达出这种特殊内涵,因此应该译成“Saint Liquor”。

现在,我们再回过头来看看开头的那个LG手机的广告翻译。“爱巧克力呦”这一译法运用了谐音双关的技巧,同时传递了西方情人节送巧克力的文化,新颖别致,妙趣横生,让人回味无穷。它没有逐字照搬原文的意思,而是借题发挥,保持了原句的结构,又运用了译者自己的创意,既忠实又变通,不失为一个巧译。

总之,中外文化和语言之间存在差异,而广告文体本身也没有一种固定格式可循。所以广告的翻译相当不容易。在实际翻译中,要真正做到翻译得精准,我们不可能只是原封不动地照搬以上技巧中的某一个。应该从具体情况出发,选择适合的手段传达原文的意义,适当地进行创造发挥,让读者读完译文觉得赏心悦目。

(作者单位:湖南涉外经济学院)

“腊七腊八,冻死寒鸦” ,这是一年里最冷的时候。(仿写一句话,用上一句农谚)

一、“谷雨前后,种瓜点豆” ,这是一年里农民们最忙的时候。

二、“铺上热得不能躺,田里只见庄稼长”,这是一年里最热的时候。

1、“腊七腊八,冻死寒鸦”释义:

“腊七腊八,冻死寒鸦”释义:到了腊七腊八,就是一年里最冷的时候,能把耐寒的寒鸦儿冻死。只要在这天早晨喝了腊八粥,就会一冬天不冻手脚。“腊七腊八,冻死寒鸦”是老北京的俗语。2、

2、“谷雨前后,种瓜点豆”释义:

在每年4月19日、20日时,即为每年二十四节气之一的谷雨日。在这一天往往雨水充沛,气温回升,是播种移苗、种瓜点豆的好时期,因此聪明的古人根据每年总结下来的经验,得出了谷雨前后种瓜点豆的农事谚语。但由于各地天气和降水会每年各地都有所不同,因此类似的谚语还有清明前后,种瓜点豆。

3、“铺上热得不能躺,田里只见庄稼长”释义:

天气太热了,床铺热的人都躺不下,但田里的庄稼在这个时节却在飞速的生长。